What you need to know to see rare Mercury crossing of the sun

Mercury is set to visibly pass in front of the sun – a rare event that won’t happen again for more than a decade.

Those looking towards the sun on Monday (11 November) may notice a tiny black disc moving across the glowing orb in a rare celestial event. A transit of Mercury will take place when the smallest planet in the solar system passes between the Earth and the sun.

The last time this happened was in 2016, and the next will be in 2032. The event begins at 12.35pm (UTC), when the edge of Mercury appears to touch the edge of the sun, and ends at 6.04pm when the edge of the silhouetted planet will appear to leave our star.

Depending on their location, some people will witness the transit up to two minutes before or after these times, as the planet will appear to take a slightly different path. Prof Mike Cruise, president of the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS), said: “This is a rare event, and we’ll have to wait 13 years until it happens again.

“Transits are a visible demonstration of how the planets move around the sun, and everyone with access to the right equipment should take a look or go to an organised event if the weather is clear, or alternatively follow one of the live webcasts. I do want to stress though that people must follow the safety advice – looking at the sun without appropriate protection can seriously damage your eyes.”

The entire event is visible from the eastern US and Canada, the south-western tip of Greenland, most of the Caribbean, Central America, the whole of South America and some of west Africa.

Image: PA Graphics

What happens during a transit?

In Europe – including Ireland and the UK – the Middle East and most of Africa, the sun will set before the transit ends, and so the latter part of the event will not be visible.

In most of the US, Canada and New Zealand, the transit will be in progress as the sun rises. Observers in eastern Asia, southern and south-eastern Asia and Australia will not be able to see the transit. Every 88 years, Mercury completes each orbit around the sun and passes between the Earth and sun every 116 days.

Because the planet’s orbit around the sun is tilted, it normally appears to pass above or below our nearest star. A transit can only take place when the Earth, Mercury and the sun are exactly in line in three dimensions.

There are 13 or 14 transits of Mercury each century, so they are comparatively rare events, though each one can typically be seen over a large area of the Earth’s surface, the RAS said.

The organisation cautions that only a tiny part of the sun will be blocked out and that the event should not be viewed with the naked eye. Looking at the sun without appropriate protection, either during the transit or at any other time, can cause serious and permanent damage to the eyes.

– PA Media